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Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Description

Periodic limb movement disorder is characterized by episodes of repetitive motions in the extremities. Sufferers will oftentimes extend the big toe while moving the leg, ankle or hip. These episodes are associated with recurring moments of arousal which put the patient in a state of light sleeping. Between episodes, the patient’s limbs are still. Periods of movement are often followed by periods of wakefulness preventing the patient from achieving a refreshing night’s sleep. The movements are not solely responsible for the patient’s inability to sleep. Studies have shown that treating the movement of the limbs does not always enable the patient to sleep longer.

Diagnosis

This disorder is diagnosed in patients complaining of insomnia or excessive sleepiness. Observers will notice repetitive motions in the sufferer’s limbs while he or she is sleeping. Patients do not have another medical or psychological disorder that these motions can be attributed to. Other sleep disorders may be present but cannot be the source of the movements.

Treatment

Medication is typically given to reduce the movement of the limbs, though this is not always effective. Patients are also encouraged to practice proper sleep hygiene which includes avoiding alcohol and caffeine, getting daily exercise and maintaining a normal time to sleep and wake-up.

Source: Adapted from International Classification of Sleep Disorders Diagnostic & Coding Manual, American Academy of Sleep Medicine.